人类审美活动的层次构成与整体性质——兼论我国当前的美学论争

人类审美活动具有分属为不同层次的双重性质 :既是受生理、心理机能影响的智能性活动 ,属于自然层次 ;又是受社会文化影响的精神性活动 ,属于观念层次。自然层次决定了审美活动不同于其他活动的特殊性质 ,使审美具有着全人类性 ;观念层次决定了审美观及审美价值的具体形态 ,必然受到社会文化状况的影响 ,使审美具有着发展性、社会性。审美活动就是由这两大层次交织而成的整体 ,是以非功利认知方式为智能基础的社会精神性活动。仅仅强调实践的社会性或仅仅强调生命的自然性 ,都不能合理说明审美活动的整体性质

On the levels and the Nature of Human Aesthetic Activities: A Comment on the Debate over Aesthetics in Present China

Human aesthetic activities are of dual levels and nature: they are intellectual ones of natural level that are affected by physiological and psychological function. At the same time, they are also spiritual activities of ideological level that are influenced by social culture. The natural level is with has the establishment of the pattern of perception as its prerequisite and is determined by non utilitarian way of cognition. The ideological level is with the social reality as its prerequisite and is determined by the state of social culture. The natural level is responsible for the unique nature of aesthetic activities as different from other kind of activities. It has made aesthetic activities entirely human ones. The ideological level determines the actural state of aesthetical ideas and values. It is certainly influenced by social cultural conditions, leading to its developmental and social nature of aesthetics. Aesthetic activities are the whole composed by these two levels. They are social spiritural activities with non utilitarian way of cognition as intellectual basis.