可持续生计视角下"参与式"反贫困路径探索

中国扶贫实践中出现的"贫困户生计能力提升不足"倾向源于可持续生计框架与现代贫困观念之间的冲突,而"社会参与"则为解决冲突提供了一种可能。2020年后,面对新的贫困现象和贫困结构,"参与式"反贫困理念能够通过社会参与链接可持续生计框架和现代贫困观念,在贫困治理过程中充分体现贫困者的参与性,形成主体意识和责任意识,提升个体或家庭改善生计系统的能力,使其摆脱困境、规避陷入贫困的风险,进而形成权利-义务相平衡、对城市和农村具有包容性、常态化、可持续的贫困治理策略,使全体社会成员实现不虞匮乏的生活。

Exploring Participatory Anti-poverty Approaches from the Perspective of Sustainable Livelihoods

In the practice of poverty alleviation,China tends to emphasize rights but neglect obligations.This tendency is a result of the conflict between the framework of sustainable livelihoods and the modern concept of poverty.Since 2020,facing new forms and structures of poverty,the social participation approach is a possible solution to this conflict.The idea of "participation-based poverty alleviation" can connect the framework of sustainable livelihoods with the modern concept of poverty through social participation,fully involve the poor population in the governance of poverty,cultivate a sense of being stakeholders and having responsibilities,and improve individuals and households’ abilities to eliminate poverty.In this way,a conventional and sustainable strategy of poverty governance can take shape,which strikes a balance between rights and obligations and covers both urban and rural areas so that everyone can live a fulfilling life.