中国全要素生产率增长的地区差异及阶段划分--基于偏向型技术进步对1978-2013年的测算和分解

基于时变弹性生产函数，当规模报酬不变时，资本产出弹性等于资本收入份额，劳动产出弹性等于劳动收入份额，并将全要素生产率分解为偏向型技术进步和中性技术进步，采用1978—2013年我国东、中、西部的数据进行实证分析。结果表明：1979—2013年各地区全要素生产率在大部分年份呈下降趋势，全要素生产率增长总体上还是以中性技术进步模式为主；1997年前各地区技术进步表现为劳动偏向型，而1997年后表现为资本偏向型；1997年后资本偏向性技术进步对东部地区全要素生产率增长具有促进作用，而对中、西部地区全要素生产率增长具有抑制作用。技术进步偏向直接影响到我国各地区全要素生产率的增长，提高劳动产出弹性、降低资本产出弹性有助于减缓中、西部地区全要素生产率增长速度的下滑，进而促进各地区经济向集约型发展模式转变。

Regional Disparity and Phase Division of the Total Factor Productivity Growth in China-The Calculation and Decomposing of the Year 1978-2013 Based on Biased Technological Progress

Based on time-varying elasticity production function,capital-output elasticity is equal to the share of capital income;output elasticity of labor share is equal to the share of labor income,and the total factor productivity (TFP)is decomposed into biased technological progress and neutral technical progress.This paper empirically analyzes the data of eastern,central and western regions in China during 1978—2013.The results show that during 1979—2013 TFP in all the regions present downward trend in most years and the increase model of TFP is mainly neutral technical progress.All the regions are labor-biased technological progress before 1997,and capital-biased technical progress after 1997 promotes TFP in the East,while hinders TFP in central and western region.Technological progress bias directly influences TFP increase of all the regions in China.Therefore, improving labor output elasticity and reducing capital-output elasticity is helpful for slowing down TFP decrease in central and western region to promote intensive mode shift of regional economic development.