Social stratification and multiple enterprises: Some implications for farming systems research |
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| Institution: | 1. ICAR-Central Coastal Agricultural Research Institute, Old Goa, Goa 403 402, India;2. Blue Harvest, Salem Village, No. 237/0, Bicholim, Goa 403503, India;1. Department of Economic History and Institutions, University of Barcelona, Faculty of Economics and Business, Av. Diagonal 690, 08034, Barcelona, Spain;2. Basque Centre for Climate Change (BC3), Alameda Urquijo 4-4, 48008, Bilbao, Spain;3. Department of Mathematics, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Jordi Girona 1-3, 08034 Barcelona, Spain;4. Department of History, University of Saskatchewan (USASK).College of Arts & Science, 9 Campus Drive, SK S7N 5A5 Saskatoon, Canada;5. Agroecosystems History Laboratory, Pablo de Olavide University, Carretera de Utrera, km 141013, Seville, Spain;6. Institute of Social Ecology, Alpen-Adria Klagenfurt University in Vienna, Faculty of Interdisciplinary Studies, Schottenfeldgasse 29, A-1070 Vienna, Austria;7. Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, UMR 5203 CNRS-U661 INSERM, 141 Rue de la Cardonille, 34094 Montpellier, France;1. Soil and Environmental Sciences Division, Nuclear Institute of Agriculture (NIA), Tandojam, Sindh, Pakistan;2. Agrilenz Ltd., London, United Kingdom |
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| Abstract: | The basic thesis of this paper is that the socioeconomic characteristics of household economies delimit the range of viable agronomic alternatives. Agricultural technologies have salient socioeconomic characteristics, which make them appropriate or inappropriate. This varies in ways which are known or knowable, and it is precisely the covariation of the socioeconomic characteristics of farming households, agricultural enterprises and appropriate technologies which can help orient farming systems programs to specific consitituencies.This thesis is developed with respect to three strata of smallholders. Several aspects of fanning systems are considered, including the organisation of crop and livestock production, the marketing of agricultural inputs and products, and the storage of grain for seed. Characteristics of appropriate technologies are identified. A chart summarises the discussion, thereby permitting comparison of the socioeconomic characteristics of appropriate technologies across strata and enterprises. |
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