唐代女性文学教育的文化环境述论——以墓志为中心

在唐代,受过文学教育的女性数量虽不是很少,但基本上是集中在社会的中上层。而且,无论女性的文学才能多么杰出,诗名外扬是社会规范所不允许的。社会舆论对女性的主流评价标准仍然是传统的儒家礼法,对＂四德＂的强调尤为突出。寡母教孤就是唐代女性文学教育的这种文化环境下产生的独特社会现象。它既与鲜卑余俗的逐渐消亡和汉化的加强以及由此导致的儒家礼法文化的进一步渗透和社会舆论对守节的普遍肯定有关,也与寡母对＂养＂的自然关系的深化、对丧夫后自我情感的补偿、渴望交流、对自我存在的肯定有关。更与其施展文学才能的不自由,不得不藉由男子为中介来获得社会的认可有关。

On Cultural Enviroment of Women' s Literary Education in Tang Dynasty——Mainly Concentrated on Epigraph

There were not very few women accepted literary education in Tang Dynasty,but almost concentrated in the high stratum of the society.Besides,whatever how distinguished women＇s literrary capability was,the spread of theirs＇ poem reputation were not allowed.The mainly public opinion of women＇s estimation was still confucian rites,especially four ethics.The phenomenon of widowed mother educate orphen was produced by this cultural enviroment.It related with many reasons,such as the disappearance of Xianbei＇custom and the strenghth of Han led to the infiltration of confucian culture and the affirmation of public opinion to widow and so on.Especially related with women couldn＇t display their literary ability freely and had to depend on men for medium to get affirmation of the society.