启征西河与夏代西河地望

古本《竹书纪年》有"启征西河"和"胤甲居西河"之记载。启征西河即文献所载启诛武观。"五观"即"五子"亦即"武观",并非启之五子或季子,而是参与反叛夏朝的异姓诸侯。启征西河应是夏代初年夷、夏激烈民族斗争历史背景下,夏族与传说中的虞舜的后裔的国族观国之间发生的一场战争。根据有关文献和考古学资料判断,胤甲所居西河极有可能即在古观国,今河南濮阳清丰一带。夏代西河得名盖缘于该地位于古《汉志》河以西。

On the Relation between the Event of Qi's Conquest of the West River and the Location of that River in the Xia Dynasty

There were the records that Qi conquered the West River and Yinjia lived by the West River in the ancient"Records of Bamboo Book".That the event Qi conquered the West River was just recorded in the documents as that Qi killed Wuguan."Five Guan",namely "wu zi",or Wuguan,who were not "the five sons" or the youngest son of Qi,but the leuds taken part in the rebellion against the Xia Dynasty,without the same surnames as their ruler.That Qi conquered the West River must be a war broken out between the Xia group and the Guan state set up by the legendary state family,the descendants of Yu Shun,under the historical background of a fierce national struggle between the Yi group and Xia group in the beginning of Xia Dynasty.According to the documents and archaeological materials,it could be judged that the West River by which Yinjia lived was quite probably in the state of ancient Guan,present districts of Qingfen County,Puyang City,Henan Province.The reason that the West River in the Xia Dynasty got its name was probably it lied west of the river according to The Geographical Records of Han Histoy,an ancient book.