原住民运动十载回顾 ———合作与纷争

过去10年间,原住民及其所处境况引起了国际社会的高度关注。文章论述了"国际原住民年"及随后"国际原住民10年"期间的合作与纷争,这里笔者的理论构筑是,20世纪后半叶原住民运动的根源可以追溯英国法系中的习惯法和1763年的英王诏谕。文章勾勒了原住民发展概略,特别是新西兰、澳大利亚、美国、加拿大的事例,指出原住民目前所面临的困境,具体事例包括近些年来加拿大发生的武力冲突,在澳大利亚和美国原住民圣地受到的破坏,围绕资源利益在企业和原住民之间发生的管理权和所有权之争。10年间世界原住民境况于诸多方面有明显改善,然而我们无法满足于此,因为原住民又在面临着新的威胁与挑战,"反恐"给了政府动用军队镇压原住民活动家及后援组织的借口。还有一个动向主要发生在加拿大和澳大利亚,很微妙但同样不容小视,就是主流社会对给予原住民"特殊待遇"的不满情绪。

Looking Back over 10 Years of the Indigenous Movement——Cooperation and Conflict

The past 10 years has seen an increased awareness in the international community toward Indigenous peoples and their circumstance.In this paper,I discuss instance of cooperation and conflict during the International Year of World's Indigenous Peoples and the International Decade Year of the World's Indigenous.Here,I postulate that the roots of the Indigenous movement of the latter half of the 20the century may be traced back to common law in the English legal system and the Royal Proclamation of 1763.Following a brief outline of historical development concerning Indigenous peoples,particularly those of New Zealand,Australia,America and Canada,I point up some problems facing Indigenous peoples today.Specific examples include recent armed conflict in Canada,disputes over Indigenous sacred ad ceremonial sites in Australia and America,conflict of interest between business corporation and Indigenous peoples over the control and rights of natural resource development.Also,control and protection of Indigenous cultural and intellectual property is the subject of increasing concern.The situation of Indigenous peoples of the world during the past 10 years has seen improvement in many instances.However,we must not be satisfied with these improvement,for Indigenous peoples are now facing new and threatening circumstances.The so-called 'war on terrorism' has given government the excuse to conduct military operations against Indigenous activists and support organizations.A more subtle but equally critical situation is the backlash of dominate society regarding' special treatment' of Indigenous peoples,especially in Canada and Australia.