宋明思想大潮中的泰州学派美学

宋明理学从程朱理学到陆王心学再到泰州学派,经历了从"理本论"到"心本论"再到"身本论"的转变。泰州学派的崛起,既对王阳明心学起到传播推广的作用,又导致了王阳明心学的最终解体。泰州学派的开山始祖王艮的学说思想大多取源于王阳明心学并有新的发挥,凸显了一种平民性、民间性的价值取向。王艮的美学思想贯穿着平民主义精神,进而铸成一种平民主义美学。而王艮诸弟子之学理正是王艮平民主义美学的逻辑发展,这就是:一旦承认人的天性的合理性,也就得承认"人欲"的合理性;一旦承认"性"、"理"一体的本体性,也就得承认"人欲"的本体性。就此而言,明中叶以后波澜壮阔的启蒙文艺思潮中蔚成风气的平民化审美倾向和审美趣味,分明是王艮倡导的平民主义美学的一种必然延伸。

Taizhou School Aesthetics in the Current of Thought in Song and Ming Dynasties

From Cheng-Zhu Rationalist studies to Lu-Wang Mind studies,and to Taizhou School,the rationalistic Confucian philosophical school in Song and Ming dynasties has gone through a change from "rationalistic ontology" to "mind ontology",and to "self ontology".Wang Gen,founder of Taizhou school,originates from the mind studies of Wang Yangming,but carries a civilian spirit,which developed into a civilian aesthetics.It recognizes that human nature is reasonable,thus the "desire of people" and its ontological nature.Since mid-Ming dynasty,the literary thought of enlightenment created a civilian aestheticism and taste.