乡镇建制:历史、现状及未来

乡镇是中国农村地区的基层行政建制单位。乡建制萌芽于春秋战国之际,定型于秦汉时期。镇建制始于北魏,现代镇建制出现于清末。乡镇建制随着社会历史的变迁和时代的发展不断地演变。从1998年开始,乡镇处于大规模撤并过程之中。乡镇撤并是今后一个时期农村改革的一项重要内容。总体而言,乡镇作为一级建制仍将延续,但乡建制和镇建制在各地的未来走向有所不同。

History,Present situation and future of the Organizational System of Village and Town

The villages and towns are the basic organic units of administration in the rural area of China. The organizational system of village began to appear in the period of Spring and Autumn and the Warring states, and came to mature in Qin and Han Chinese period. The organizational system of town started in Northern Wei Dynasty, and the modern organizational system of town appeared in the latter stage of Qing Dynasty. The organizational systems of the villages and towns developed and transformed constantly with the transformations and development of the social history and the times. It is an important content of rural reform to merge the villages and towns in the next period. In general, the villages and towns will continue as first level organizational system. But the future's trend of the organizational system of village and the organizational system in the township will vary with regions.