市场转型期的农村社会保障制度建设：进展与偏差

自1980年代中期开始我国对农村养老、医疗、社会救助等主要社会保障项目进行了一些改革的尝试和探索。这一时期的改革在制度本身的建设、制度环境的建设及立法保障的建设等方面都取得了一定的进展。但由于多种原因,总的来说,农村社会保障改革的步伐不大,制度化程度还不高,家庭保障仍是农村社会保障的基本模式,保障功能差且比较脆弱。改革以来农村社会保障制度建设的偏差主要表现在对土地的保障功能估计过高,对农村社会保障制度建设缺乏明确的目标定位和稳定的推进措施,政府本该履行的角色不到位等。

The Construction of Rural Social Security System in the Period of Transforming to Market Economy: Achievements and Deviations

Since mid-1980s, China has adopted measures to reform the main items of the rural social security system such as old-age provision, medical care and social assistance. Progress has been made in the construction of institution itself, the construction of institution environment and the construction of legislation guarantee in this period. But due to many reasons the reform also has some defects. Generally, the development of the rural social security reform is rather slow and its institutionalization degree is rather low, with family security as the basic mode, whose function is both disappointing and unreliable. The deviations lie mainly in overestimating the security function of land, lacking definite object and sustained enforcing measures and the government's absence in playing its role.