现代汉语中的词位和词位变体

词在语音、词形、语法、意义上的差异所体现的性质、所产生的结果是不一样的,有的属于同一词的不同表现状态,有的则属于不同的词,前者是同一词位的各个变体,后者是不同的词位。现代汉语的词位变体主要有以下四种类型:(1)词的语音形式的变异所形成的词位变体,这种词位变体往往呈现互补分布状态,是一种条件变体;(2)词的书写形式的变异所形成的词位变体,这种词位变体并不呈现互补分布状态,是一种自由变体;(3)词的语法形式的变异所形成的词位变体,这种词位变体主要是通过词的重叠和词内素序的变化来实现的,也是一种条件变体;(4)词的意义上的变异所形成的词位变体,这种词位变体的意义上的变异当然是有限制的,即变异前后的两个或几个意义有着密切的联系,也是一种条件变体。

Lexeme and Allolex in Modern Chinese Language

The discrepancies of word in phonetics, morphology, grammar and semantics determine the differences that the word expresses in its quality and effect. Some forms can be defined as allolex, others as lexemes. There are four types of allolex in Chinese lexicology: 1.allolex featuring allophones of a same phoneme, which, always in complementary distribution, is a conditioned variant; 2.allolex of morphological variants, which, without complementary distribution, belongs to a free variant; 3.grammar~variant allolex, it originates from the reiterative word and the change of morpheme within a word, and also classified into a conditioned variant; 4.semantic~variant allolex, this allolex is confined by narrow meanings, also a type of conditioned variant.