全球环境管治改革:争论与进展

产生于1972年斯德哥尔摩人类环境会议的主要组织决定就是创建联合国环境规划署,其职能是在环境全球管治中协调联合国相关机构的环境活动并担当新政策创议的发动者。自那时以来,国际社会已经在环境全球政策(以及最近在可持续发展政策)方面付出了巨大努力,并创建了大量的条约、组织和机制。从总体上说,进展是积极性的,并日益指向一种不断扩展着的全球环境管治体系。但同样显而易见的是,尽管全球环境管治体系的规模和资金都在迅速扩大,但它在实现其实质性改善全球环境、走向可持续发展甚或扭转环境恶化趋势等目标方面并不是真正有效的,甚至可以说,恰恰是全球环境管治体系的演进本身带来了难以应付的制度性挑战。正因为如此,近年来一种渐趋一致的共识是,我们必须充分考虑如何改革这一现存体系,而且关于全球环境管治改革的讨论必须超越联合国环境署本身的改革,以便构建一种全新的体系,其中不同行为体能够更加高效和有效地相互作用,从而服务于环境保护与可持续发展的最终目标。

On Reform of Global Environmental Governance:Debates and Progress

A major decision made by Stockholm Conference on the Human Environment held in 1972 is to establish the United Nations Environment Program,with its function to coordinate environmental activities of relevant United Nations agencies and to play a part of initiator of new policies under the circumstance of global environment governance.Since then,the international community has committed great efforts in making environment globalization policies(more recently,sustainable development policies) and created a large number of treaties,organizations and mechanisms.Generally speaking,the progress is positive,and increasingly points to a continued expansion of the global environmental governance system.But it is equally clear that,despite the size and funding of the global environmental governance system expanding rapidly,its substantial achievements are mild in improving global environment,and in moving towards sustainable development or even reversing the trend of environmental degradation.We can even say that it is the evolution of the global environmental governance system itself that brings formidable institutional challenges.Thus in recent years,there is a gradual consensus that we must fully consider how to reform the existing system,and discussions on the reform of global environmental governance must go beyond UNEP reform in order to build an entirely new system,in which different institutions can interact more efficiently and effectively so as to serve the ultimate goal of environmental protection and sustainable development.