藏区民间调解存在的困境及脱困路径研究--以青海果洛藏区“斯巴”为例

在国家推行依法治理、源头治理以及构建法治社会的背景下,藏区防控矛盾纠纷的民间调解经由何种路径臻达法治化轨迹且与国家法律渐趋调适,是值得关注的焦点。以青海果洛藏区"斯巴"调解为切入点,通过调研"斯巴"调解的现状发现,社会转型时期因调解员文化素养偏低难以应对新型纠纷、调解纠纷时情理与法律理解适用上错位以及网络调解平台使用率低等问题依然存在。建议从人员准入、过程防控、结果认定方面着手,建构依据纠纷类型聘人的"1+N"人员准入标准、"多元一体"普法模式、以村规民约规范调解依据、调解结果"准司法确认"审查机制以及完善网络平台保障机制的多元路径,使藏区民间调解在藏区法治化进程中日臻完善,进而助推藏区法治社会建设。

Study on the Dilemma and Path of Civil Mediation in Tibetan Areas--Case Study of"Siba"in Guoluo Tibetan Areas in Qinghai

Under the background of the state implementation of legal governance,governance from the source and the construction of a society ruled by law,it is worth paying attention to how the folk mediation,as the prevention and control of contradictions and disputes in Tibetan areas,can reach the track of rule by law and gradually adapt to the national laws.Starting with the"Siba"mediation in Guoluo Tibetan area of Qinghai province,by investigating the current situation of the"Siba"mediation,we have found that during the social transformation there are still problems such as the low quality of mediators being difficult to deal with the new type of disputes,misuse of reasonability and legal understanding of the law in disputes mediation,and the low utilization rate of network mediation platform,etc.It is suggested that starting with personnel access,process prevention and control,and result identification,we should construct a multi-path of"1+N"personnel access standard for employing personnel based on dispute types,a"multi-integration"legal popularization model,the standardization of mediation based on village rules and regulations,a"quasi-judicial confirmation"review mechanism for mediation results,and perfecting the network platform guarantee mechanism so as to perfect Tibetan civil mediation in the process of legalization in Tibetan areas and further promote the construction of a legal society in Tibetan areas.