西方领导学研究回顾与前瞻

西方关于领导的系统的社会科学的研究已有近百年的历史。由于对领导的不同理解,西方的领导学研究中存在多种研究方法。多数研究者致力于对领导学范畴中一个较窄的内容进行研究,如领导者的品质和技能、领导行为、权力和影响、情景、双边关系等。研究层次是另外一个划分领导理论的基本方法,研究层次包括个人的、双边关系的、群体的和组织的等层面。近年来,有一种将各种方法综合起来的趋势,战略型领导和跨文化领导等是当今领导学的研究热点和发展方向。

A review of research in western leadership

The western leadership research as a social science has a history of nearly one hundred years. Due to the different concepts of leadership, the leadership research adopts various approaches. Most researchers only focus on a narrow subject, such as trait and skill, behavior, power-influence, situation and dyadic process. However, leadership can be conceptualized as an intra-individual process, a dyadic process, a group process, or an organizational process, but most leadership theories are focused on processes at only one of these levels. In recent years it has become more common for researchers to integrate various approaches in the same study. Now the important issues of the leadership research are focused on strategic leadership and cross culture leadership.