中国农业竞争力国际比较

以中国农业为研究对象,在生产竞争力、技术竞争力、市场竞争力、资本竞争力4个指标的基础上,建立了中国农业国际竞争力评价指标体系。采用主成分分析法,对11个国家2011年农业竞争力的综合排名进行研究。结果显示,我国农业国际竞争力在11个国家中排名第7,农业科研支出、农业总固定资本、种植业固定资产、土地开发和机械设备应用等指标具有明显竞争优势,国际市场竞争力、技术竞争力方面和劳动生产率等指标处于明显的劣势。进而提出提高农业的劳动生产率,重视农产品的市场营销,强化农业科研投入效率等建议。

International Comparison of Chinese Agricultural Competitiveness

Based on four fundamental indicators which include production competitiveness,technology competitiveness,market competitiveness and capital competitiveness,this paper builds the index system for international competitiveness of Chinese agriculture.Through Principal Components Analysis (PCA),this paper studies the comprehensive rank of the agricultural competitiveness of 11 countries in 2011.The result shows that as for the agricultural international competitiveness,China ranked 7th among these eleven countries; China has significant advantages in the fields of scientific research spending,agricultural fixed assets,fixed assets of plant industry,land development and mechanical equipment application,etc. However,China was disadvantageous in the fields of international market competitiveness,technology competitiveness and labor productivity,etc.Therefore,this paper proposes several suggestions on how to improve agricultural labor productivity,attach importance to marketing of agricultural products and strengthen the efficiency of agricultural S&T investment.