伦理思想中的"类"与"共同体"范畴——从"亲情伦理"、"普世(普遍)伦理"到"环境(生态)伦理"

从"亲情伦理"、"普世(普遍)伦理"到"环境(生态)伦理",看起来似乎是三种完全不同层次和类型的伦理学思想和理论形态,甚至可以概括为伦理思想演化的"前现代"、"现代"和"后现代"阶段。实际上三者之间一方面表现出道德共同体和伦理主体"类"的范围的扩展、权利主体的延伸,以及理论原则的一致性和普遍化的逐步彻底化趋势和关联性,另一方面三者背后的概念模式和理论思维方式具有本质上的一致性,这种一致性体现出"类"与"共同体"范畴在伦理思想理论中的方法论基础地位。

The Categories of "Classification" and "Community" in Ethical Theories——From "Kinsfolk Ethics", "Universal Ethics" to "Environmental (ecological) Ethics"

"Kinsfolk ethics","universal ethics" and "environmental(ecological) ethics" seem to be three kinds of ethical thoughts or theories which are so different that they might even be labeled as "pro-modern","modern" and "post-modern" periods of evolutions in ethical thoughts.But in fact,on the one hand,they illustrate some expansion of moral community and the extension of the "classification" of ethical subjects and of the subjects of rights,along with the realization of coherence and universalization of ethical principles.On the other hand,the conceptual models and theory-thinking methods underlying them are consistent in nature.This kind of consistency has demonstrated the methodological basis through the categories of "classification" and "community" in ethical thoughts.The conscious recognition of this kind of consistency can be helpful in understanding these thoughts and problems respectively,and may have significant effect on the development and breakthrough in ethical theories.