我国水排污权交易市场构建的法律思考

在新时代生态文明体制改革的背景下，水污染的治理要考虑到经济发展和环境保护两者的平衡，而水排污权交易是一种通过经济手段来治理水污染的政策，能够很好地达到两者的协调统一。我国在20世纪80年代就已经开始了对水排污权交易制度的探索，近年来更是加快了市场建设的步伐，取得了一定成效。但是，我国水排污权制度依然存在着以下问题：未在法律上明确排污权的地位，地方性立法之间缺乏衔接，行政手段过于浓厚，缺乏有效的监督机制。这些问题严重阻碍了我国水排污权交易市场的发展。在美国、日本等发达国家，水排污权交易市场已非常成熟，为我国的水排污权交易发展提供了可资借鉴的经验。为了促进我国水排污权市场的建设，应该从三方面来完善水排污权交易法律制度：其一，在法律上明确有关排污权的相关概念和地位；其二，加强流域内跨行政区域立法工作；其三，建立行政执法监督、加强公众参与等相关配套制度。

Legal Consideration on the Construction of Water Pollution Rights Trading Market in China

In the context of the reform of the ecological civilization system in the new era, water pollution control should take the balance between economic development and environmental protection into account. The trading of water pollution rights is a policy of controlling water pollution through economic measures, which can achieve the coordination and unification between them. In the 1980s, China began to explore water pollution rights trading system. In recent years, China has accelerated the pace of market construction and achieved some results. However, there are still some problems in the system of water pollution rights trading system in China.The position of pollution rights is not clearly defined in the law.There is no connection between local legislations.Administrative measures are too strong.And there is no effective supervision mechanism. These problems have seriously hindered the development of water pollution rights trading market in China. In order to promote the construction of water pollution rights market in China, it is necessary to perfect the legal system of water pollution rights trading from the following three aspects: clearly defining the related concepts of pollution rights and status in law; strengthening legislation work of cross administrative regions in the basin; establishing the supporting system of administration enforcement supervision and strengthening the public participation.