法益论视角下个人信息侵权法保护之类型化

个人信息的法律属性界定为个人信息侵权法保护的逻辑起点。将个人信息绝对权化,违反《民法总则》第111条规范目的,不符合“权益区分三标准”,阻碍信息的自由流通,并背离比较法上的主流趋势,应予否定。个人信息的本质是一个法益综合体,法益的保护宜采用德国式的类型化路径,有“违反保护性规定的侵权任”和“故意背俗致损的侵权责任”两种,前者在个人信息保护上具有更大优势,应作为主要保护路径。以行为作为主要基准将有关个人信息的保护性规定类型化,具体分析每一类型确立的行为标准以及违反时的侵权判定、责任承担、抗辩事由等,能够构建完善的个人信息侵权法保护体系。

Classification of Personal Information Tort Law Protectionfrom the Perspective of Legal Interest

The legal attribute of "personal information" is defined as the logical starting point for the protection of personal information by tort law.The absolute ownership of personal information violates the purpose of Article 111 of the General Provisions of Civil Law, does not conform to the"three differentiating standards of rights and interests",hinders the free flow of information,and deviates from the mainstream trend in comparative law. So it should be denied.In fact,the essence of "personal information" is a complex of legal interests.The protection of legal interests should follow the German restrictive model, which has two different approaches that are protective law and good customs infringement. The former has greater advantages in personal information protection and should be used as the main protection path.Using behavior as the main benchmark to classify the protective provisions on personal information and analyzing the established behavioral standards for each type,as well as infringement judgments,liability commitments, and defense reasons, etc., can construct a perfect protection system of personal information tort law.