公共教育投入如何促进包容性增长

基于中国家庭营养与健康调查数据，深入探讨公共教育投入影响居民收入以及收入不平等的内在逻辑。研究发现：公共教育投入的增加能够使低收入群体从人力资本投资中获益更多，进而从总体上降低收入的不平等。各级各类公共教育投入都能够促进居民收入增长，但是产生的影响和作用方式不同，其中：基础教育投资能够有效促进社会公平，改善社会分配，特别是加大中西部地区和农村地区的基础教育，不仅有利于缩小城乡收入差距，还有助于解决地区发展不平衡的问题；高等教育投资则通过提升人力资本质量、推进创新发展的方式，更有效地提高个体收入，促进经济增长。

Public Education Expenditure: Promoting Inclusive Growth

Based on the data of China Health and Nutrition Survey, this paper logically deduces the process of public education policies to promote inclusive growth. Benchmark regression shows that the increase in public education spending enables low income groups to benefit more from investment in human capital and thus reduce income inequality in general. Further research indicates that public education expenditure at all levels may promote income growth, but the impact and the function are not the same, in which investment in basic education is more inclusive and higher education investment has a higher economic effect. In addition, the inclusive growth of public education expenditure has significant differences among different regions, and the investment in basic education in the central and western regions and rural areas is more conducive to narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas.