劳动供给结构、技术进步与收入差距——基于CHNS数据的研究

改革开放以来，伴随我国经济快速发展、居民收入差距逐渐扩大，当前的基尼系数已超过国际警戒线，高低技能劳动者收入差异的扩大成为社会总体收入差距扩大的主要因素；与此同时，高校扩招政策导致高素质劳动力供给显著增加。基于导向性技术变迁理论，利用1997—2011年CHNS数据，采用RIF回归分解方法展开实证分析。研究表明：短期内，高素质劳动供给的增加不会显著影响工资；长期来看，由于技术变迁方向改变，高素质劳动供给的持续增加会导致工资收入差距的扩大；通过显著提高高收入群体的所得，高学历教育扩大整个劳动群体的收入差距。

Labor Supply Structure, Technological Progress and Income Gap: A Study Based on CHNS Data

In company with the fast development of Chinese economy, the income gap within the country has been gradually enlarging since the open-up reform in 1978. The current GINI coefficient of China has already been above the internationally recognized caution line. In particular, the income gap between the high-skilled workers and low-skilled workers has significantly contributed to the enlarging income inequality of the country. In the meanwhile, the higher education expansion policy initiated in 1998 has dramatically changed Chinese labor market structure which results in a surge in the supply of high quality labor. Based on the CHNS data of 1997, 2004 and 2011,this paper studies the effect of labor structure change on the income gap with the RIF regression approach. The results show that the increase in high quality labor supply has little effect on the income gap in the short run while it enlarges the gap in the long run as a result of directed technological change. Additionally, the results indicate that the higher education enlarges the social income gap through significantly raised revenue of high-income group.