新时期我国智力外流的特点与对策研究

智力外流是高技能者基于"成功需求"内因和诸多外在因素的迁移,是人力资本循其自身流动规律、追求价值和收益最大化的必然结果。20世纪90年代以来,我国智力外流呈现出新的特点:一是人才异国流失的同时出现了"就地流失";二是高端人才流失严重;三是智力回流增多。为此,要吸引和留住人才,就要改革人才使用机制以留住现有人才;建立人才控制机制以舒缓人才外流;弘扬民族传统文化以预防"未来智力"外流;将人才工作思路转变到扩大智力回流的路径上来。而解决问题的根本途径还在于国家经济实力的总体提高。

Studies on the Characteristic of Intelligence Outflow in China in the new Period and Its Countermeasure

Intelligence outflow is the migration of persons who have high technical ability based on "success demand" and lots of external factors and is the inevitable outcome of manpower capital flowing law, the pursuing of value and benefits maximization. Since 1990s, the intelligence outflow in our country has shown new characteristics: Firstly, “the loss on the spot” has appeared at the time of the loss of talent's in foreign countries; Secondly, the advanced talents loss is serious; Thirdly, the intelligence backflow has increased. For this reason, the writer proposes: to reform the talents mechanism in order to keep the existing talents; to set up talents controlling mechanism in order to releive the brain drain; carry forward national traditional culture so as to prevent the " future intelligence outflow" and to expand talent working thought and make it focused on spread the intelligence backflow. Finally, the basic way of problem solution lies the overall improvement of national economic strength.