孔子“孝”的伦理意蕴与道德自觉

在孔子以"仁"为核心的伦理思想体系中,孝具有深刻的伦理意蕴,是个体道德自觉的集中体现。首先,孝是一种自然的家庭伦理情感,是个体在家庭中的道德自觉;其次,孝外推到社会上,完成个体作为社会公民(即社会成员)的道德责任与义务,体现个体在社会的自觉的道德责任感。最后,孝以圣人作为道德自觉的终极目标,不断推动和激励个体的德性完善。孔子的孝充分体现了个体道德自觉的能力和走向。

On personal ethics and the ethical significance of the Confucian ideal of Xiao

Among the notions of Ren,i.e.benevolence,the inward expression of Confucian ideals,Xiao,i.e.,filial piety,is the concrete manifestation of personal ethics.Firstly,Xiao is a sense of kinship;secondly,it is the sense of obligation one feels as a social member;lastly,it means a high aspiration for self-perfection and an emulation of the success of the Sage.Therefore,the ideal of Xiao fully embodies one’s personal ethics.