全球数字贸易治理“赤字”与中国的对策——基于全球公共品的视角

尽管数字贸易这一新兴贸易形态得到了前所未有的发展,但全球数字贸易治理这种公共品却呈“赤字”状态。从需求角度看,数字贸易迅猛发展所产生分歧与争端的加剧及新冠疫情全球大流行的客观推动,增加了对全球数字贸易治理的需求;从供给角度看,WTO半缺位于全球数字贸易治理的供给,多边贸易协定的竞争化及碎片化,使得数字贸易治理的供给相对需求而言,处于“赤字”状态,这源于全球数字贸易大国在相关重大问题上的分歧且无法达成共识。应对全球数字贸易治理“赤字”,我国要进一步完善数字经济与数字贸易的法律制度,积极参与全球和区域数字贸易治理,管控、协调好与主要数字贸易大国的矛盾与分歧,促进我国数字经济与数字贸易的健康发展。

Global Digital Trade Governance Deficit and China's Countermeasures:From the Perspective of Global Public Goods

Although digital trade has developed unprecedentedly,global digital trade governance,a public good,is in a state of lack or deficit.From the perspective of demand,the conflicts and disputes arising from the rapid development of digital trade and the impact of the global COVID-19 pandemic have increased the demand for global digital trade governance.From the perspective of supply,the WTO,which dominates the creation of global trade rules,is semi-absent in the global digital trade governance.The competitive and fragmented effect of multilateral regional trade agreements on the supply of digital trade governance aggravates the deficit in global digital trade governance.This deficit is due to the fact that major countries in the global digital trade cannot reach a consensus on the basic connotation of digital trade,statistical standard system,trade data governance,digital transaction tax and other major issues.To better deal with the challenge of global digital trade governance deficit,China should further improve the legal system of digital economy and digital trade,actively participate in global and regional digital trade governance,coordinate with other major digital trade countries to control major conflicts and differences in digital governance,with the goal to promote healthy development of China's digital economy and digital trade.