古代东南亚历史特点刍论: 从次生形态的早期国家到中央集权的封建国家

公元前后到10世纪前后的东南亚国家,可以看作属于次生形态的早期国家,并具有与此相应的政治上和宗教、文化上的一些特点.但在11世纪以后,随着缅甸蒲甘王朝的崛起、越南独立国家的巩固与发展,柬埔寨吴哥王朝进入极盛时期以及泰族势力在泰国的兴起和发展,东南亚封建国家的发展趋于成熟.其主要标志是较为完善的中央集权得以建立、巩固和发展;各具特色的封建制度如泰国的萨迪纳制和缅甸的阿赫木丹制形成和发展,统治的核心地域和基本经济区①也得以形成和发展;在民族关系和文化上,出现了在一个国家中由一个占统治地位的民族占主导和一种主导性的宗教、文化占统治地位的状况.这些都展现了东南亚成熟的封建国家不同于早期国家的基本特点.这种状况,在中南半岛地区尤其显著,一直延续到19世纪中叶西方资本主义国家侵占这些国家.

On the Characteristics of Ancient Southeast Asian History:from Early States to Maturing Feudal States with Centralization of Power

The states in Southeast Asia before 11 Century A.D is the early states, and their religions and cultures have their own characteristics of the early States. But the States in Southeast Asia gradually developed into maturing feudal states with centralization of state power and special feudal system such as Ahamudan System in Myanmar and Sakdina Grade System in Thailand, having its core dominating areas and fundamental Economic Zones. In these feudal States, one leading ethnic group and culture or religion occupied the dominating position. These are quiet different from early states before 11 century, and had continued to the middle of 19 century when the Western capitalist states occupied these Southeast Asian Countries.