论学术批评

中国学术现代化,呼唤学术批评的繁荣.创造性学术批评,有赖于健全的学术批评观."学术"是中国传统语词,含哲学、科学意义在内;"批评"是来自日文的外来词.阐明并丰富"学术批评"一词的意义,是本文任务之一.从中西学术历史看,学术批评是学术活动的有机组成部分或一环节.它和学术盛则俱盛,衰则俱衰.学术批评的进步,集中体现为学术批评方法的进步,而学术批评方法的进步,正是学术发展的标志;学术批评是学者们在真理面前进行的理性对话,批评的结果,学者之间没有输赢,真理才是唯一的胜利者;从实质看,学术批评是以真理为标准进行的自我批评.真正的学术批评,是民主的、科学的批评,是具体的、历史的客观批评,是责任感和理性、革命性和建设性、独创性和真理性有机结合的批评,是融理论性和实践性、民族性和世界性于一体的批评,是科学批评、历史批评、哲学批评的有机统一体.

ON ACADEMIC CRITICISM

Chinese academic modernization requires the prosperity of academic criticism. Creative academic criticism should be based on a sound concept of academic criticism. Academic is a traditional Chinese word which contains philosophical and scientific import, while criticism is a word from Japanese. To clarify and enrich the meaning of the term academic criticism is one of the goals of this paper. According to both the Western and Chinese academic history, academic criticism is an organic part or a link of academic activities, and its prosperity and decline make a mirror to the rise and fall of the academics. The progress of criticism method, which symbolizes academic development, embodies a concentrated reflection of the progress of academic criticism. Criticism of this kind is a rational dialogue conducted by scholars in front of the truth, whose only winner will be truth itself instead of any scholar. Academic criticism, in nature, is self-criticism with truth as the standard. It is believed that true academic criticism should be democratic, scientific, concrete, historical, and objective. It should be an integrated criticism with responsible, rationale, revolutionary, constructive, creative, and truthful sense. It should be an organism integrating the quality of being theoretical, practical, national, and global. Besides, academic criticism is an organic unity composed of scientific criticism, historical criticism, and philosophical criticism.