近代东亚跨国资本的成长与局限——以在韩华侨企业同顺泰为例

同顺泰是19世纪末20世纪初在韩华侨的代表性企业。起初,该公司通过东亚贸易路线进入朝鲜市场,积累了原始资本。1882年以后,该公司随陈树棠和袁世凯赴任朝鲜而得到政治上的庇护,10年后因获得参加各种官方工程的机会而增长迅速。清日战争后,该公司虽然政治背景消失,但仍以经营多元化和房地产投资而持续发展20余年。在韩华侨资本之所以能在短时间内实现高成长是因为东亚地区人流物流迅速增长,此现象有时引发了国际政治势力的介入。但是,随着1920年代贸易保护主义的兴起和韩国民族主义的高涨,同顺泰渐渐开始走下坡路,在韩华侨资本势力未能在朝鲜站稳脚根。

Transnational Capital''''s Development and Limitation in Modern East Asia--the Case of Overseas Chinese Company Tongshuntai in Korea

Tongshuntai was the most outstanding Chinese company in Korea during the first half of 20thcentury.Tan Jie-sheng,a founder of Tongshuntai,came to Korea along the East Asian trade network and accumulated primitive capital through foreigntrade.After 1892,Qing dynasty’s growing interference policy to Korea worked as a favorable factor for Tongshuntai’s success.Specially,Tongshuntai borrowed his name for Qing government to grant loan for Korean government in 1892 and thus acquiredconsiderable privileges for business,such as getting the monopoly right about land and water transportation between Seoul and In-cheon.China’s defeat in Sino-Japanese War in 1894 stripped the political patronage from Tongshuntai,but Chinese merchantskept developing and their economic powers in Korea kept growing.Tongshuntai adopted the policy to diversify business fields andTan Jie-sheng became No.1 taxpayer in Seoul in 1923.However,protectionism and growing exclusive nationalism acceleratedKorean hostility to the Chinese merchants,which deteriorated business climate for Tongshuntai too.Tongshuntai became the tar-get of public criticism in media because of illegal profiteering and the outbreak of Sino-Japanese war in 1937 made Tongshuntaiwithdraw from Korea and returned to Shanghai.