论苏联从变革走向倒退的历史教训

赫鲁晓夫顺应时势，大胆否定和清算了斯大林的“个人崇拜”和专制集权方式，但赫鲁晓夫无法面对“集体领导”与威权丧失的两难困境，最终为体制所吞嚼。勃列日涅夫既得益于恢复斯大林时期的集权体制，又利用和享有了赫鲁晓夫的改革成果。但勃氏维稳怕乱、放弃改革的后果，是戈尔巴乔夫的迎合人心的“新思维”，最终导致苏联的解体，成为二十世纪共产主义运动中的又一大深刻教训。

On Historical Lessons from the Soviet Union's Reform to Regression

Although Khrushchev conformed to the trend by means of bold denial and exclusion ol Stalin＇s ＂personality cult＂ and autocratic centralization of power, he counldn＇t get out of the dilemma of both the ＂ collective leadership＂ and the loss of authority and, ultimately, was a victim of the political system. Brezhnev not only enjoyed the benefit from the restoration of the totalitarian system set up in the period of Stalin, but also made use of and extended the results of Khrushchev＇s reforms. But he, in order to hold social stability and be afraid of chaos, gave up the consequences of reform, leading to Gorbachev＇s ＂New Thinking＂ more popular among the people and the final disintegration of the Soviet Union, which became another big profound lesson in the communist movement in the twentieth century.