试论民国时期民众教育的实践——以北夏实验区为例

民国时期,北夏实验区民众教育以民众学校作为施教机关,从文字、公民、生计、健康、休闲娱乐五方面全方位展开。民众教育的实验性特质导致了可执行阶段性目标的缺失,并未能实现教育的完全整合,因而也未能实现民众教育救国的最终目标,但民众教育适应了当时的社会环境的需要,取得了一定的成效,不仅把改造农村问题作为中国现代化进程的关键问题,而且企图寻找一条改造农村的有效途径,力图实行民主自治制度,积极传授农民以农业科学技术,提高农民的文化水平,推行具有企业化和市场化性质的股份合作体制,显示了一种比较系统的具有一定现代化意义的农村建设教育模式。

A discussion on the plebs education practice in the Republic of China-a case of Beixia Area

In the Republic of China,the plebs education in Beixia area made use of plebs school as teaching institutions,where education was conducted on five disciplines,namely,words,citizenship,living,health,and pastime.The test particularity of plebs education resulted in the lack of the goals and objectives at different phases,and hence failed to have achieved the education's full conformity,and especially the final goal that depends on the plebs education to save the nation.But the plebs education accommodates the temporal social environmental needs,produces some effects,not only taking the problem of dealing with rural problems as the sixty-four-dollar question in China's modern course,but also attempting to find an effective way to change rural outlook.The plebs education tries hard to implement democratic municipalism,impart agricultural technology,advances peasant's culture level,pushes the stock corporation system with the character of company and market,and sets up a mode for a systemic modern rural construction educational mode.