人类的生态困境与生态人类学的研究取向

20世纪中期以后，人类学开始关注人类活动与生态环境的关系问题，而形成了人类学的一个分支学科--生态人类学。经过今半个世纪的发展，形成了“决定论”、“互动论”等学科理论，但面对当今的人类生态问题，这些理论显得无力与无奈。本文从当代生态问题的实质出发，分析了人类社会与生态环境的关系，认为人类社会与生态系统是两个并存的自立复杂体系，都具有自组织能力。从这样的视角去探讨其间的互动关系，应该成为生态人类学的学科取向。

The Awkward Ecological Situation and the Research Orientation of Eco-anthropology

Since the middle of the 20th century,anthropology began to pay attention to the relationship between human activities and ecological environment,forming a branch of anthropology-eco-anthropology.Over half a century,theories such as “determinism” and “interactism” have come into existence.However,these theories failed to solve the present ecological problems.Starting from the essential ecological problems,this paper analyzes the relationship between human society and ecological environment,holding that human society and ecological system are two independent and complex systems,and they each possess organization ability.Such a perspective to explore the relationship between human society and ecological system should become the research orientation of eco-anthropology.