从规范理论到诊断实践

本文通过描述哲学中一种替代性的诊断实践，讲述了对伦理学与政治学中的规范性理论 活动的一种批判。它概述了这种实践从康德开始，通过马克思和尼采，直至福柯为止的演化过程，并 尝试通过将它与医学中的诊断实践进行对比，来识别其特征。在结论部分，文章提出，一种哲学形式 下的诊断实践的特殊要素，在于它对当前进行诊断时所需要的那些概念工具的关心，以及它对这种实 践在认识论上所固有的那些局限的关注。

From Normative Theory to Diagnostic Practice

The essay delineates a critique of abstract normative theorizing in ethics and politics by describing an alternative diagnostic practice in philosophy. It sketches the evolution of this practice from Kant through Marx and Nietzsche to Foucault and seeks to identify its distinctive character by comparing and contrasting it to diagnostic practices in medicine. In conclusion, the essay argues that the specific element in a philosophical form of diagnostic practice lies in its concern with the conceptual tools needed in any diagnosis of the present and in its attention to the epistemological limitations inherent in such practice.