过度劳动及其就业挤出效应分析

本文将过度劳动界定为“人力资源在较长时期的过度使用”,即就业者在较长时期处于一种超出社会平均劳动时间和强度的就业状态。中国许多行业存在过度劳动现象,从业人员的过度劳动造成了很多就业机会被挤占,从而造成一些具有就业能力的人员的失业;而过度劳动并不影响所在行业的资本盈利与经济增长。资本盈利与经济增长所应带来的就业增长均被过度劳动所抵消,甚至在某些行业或领域还出现了就业负增长的情况。过度劳动的存在可以对中国经济增长与就业增长二者之间的“非一致性”做出部分解释。

Analysis of Over-utilization of Labor Forces and Its Squeeze-out Effect on Employment

Over-utilization of labor forces is defined in this paper as an employment state in which laborers in employment are utilized beyond the average labor time and intensity for a long period of time. This phenomenon exists in many sectors in China, and the over-utilization of employed workers squeezes out lots of opportunities of employment, which, however, does not impact the capital gains and economic growth of these sectors. The employment growth theoretically brought by the capital gains and economic growth is offset by the over-utilization of labor forces. Thus, the inconsistency between China's economic growth and employment growth is partially explained.