至善与圆善——论牟宗三对康德三个公设的消解

德福一致的问题在中西哲学中的解决显示出各自不同的智慧。康德强调追求幸福是人的义务 ,但又把它置于实践理性的约束之下 ,最终引出了上帝的公设来保证“至善”的实现。牟宗三以孟子的心性本体为依据 ,发掘其内在而超越的特性 ,将德福问题消解在体用之心内 ,使物随心转、心意知物只为一事 ,完成圆善论。实际上 ,他们都还笼罩在理性主体的阴影中 ,从而忽视对展开状态下生活世界的关注。作者认为通向真理的道路在马克思所指出的历史与实践中

Supreme Good and Satisfactory Good: On Mou Zhong san's Dissolution of Kant's Three Presumptions

Philosophies of Chinese and Western tradition have shown different wisdom in their solution to the problem of consistence between virtue and happiness. Kant put the pursuit of the happiness under the restriction of practical reason while emphasizing that it is the obligation of human beings, which finally leads to the presumption of God so as to ensure the realization of the supreme good. Mou Zongsan explored the internal and transcendent nature of Xin Xing Ben TI on the basis of Menzi's theory, dissolved the dilemma between virtue and happiness in TI Yong Zhi Xin and made Wu Sui Xin Zhuan and the will, the mind, the intellect and the thing Xin Yi Zhi Wu one matter. He thus completed the theory of satisfactory good. As a matter of fact, however, they are still shrouded in the shadow of Reasonable Subjective and neglect the concerns over the world of open life. The author argues that the road leading to truth, as pointed out by Karl Marx, lies in history and practice.