对国内国际移民理论研究的反思——以“蒙”苗人为例

中国的苗族被分为三到四个族群，他们所讲的语言相互不通，而且在当前来看他们在文化上几乎没有共同之处。这些族群中的一支自称为“蒙”（Hmong）。在过去200年里，“蒙”苗从广西和云南不断移入越南和缅甸，然后进入老挝和泰国，并在那里的山地建起了小村寨。整个过程里他们与来自云南的回族和汉族保持着贸易关系。本文作者于1981至1982年在泰国北部做田野考察时，老人们仍然会讲汉语云南方言，而现在的他们已经忘记了汉语，只会讲他们自己的“蒙”语以及他们当前居住国的主要语言，如泰语、老挝语或者越南语。

National and International Migration: Reflections on Literature and Some Current Research

This article gives a review on literature and some current research relevant to national and international migration, and examines the connections between such research in a national context, and the research on international migration. The approaches to migration in migration studies are very complex, and the author suggested that we need to pay attention to all three approaches contrasted by Solinger: the one based on rational calculation, the one based on stressing the historico-structural conditions and the one based on social networking analysis. The author also stresses the importance of a network approach taken from the sociology of John Urry in the studies of both national and international migration, and the need to see movement as primary, and productive of place, as much recent anthropological literature has stressed.