模型与叙事:对社会变迁的不同解读

通过绘制并解释了奥格本的社会变迁模型,详细阐述了托克维尔对大革命前后法国社会变迁的叙事性分析,在此基础上提出奥格本的变迁模型忽视了适应文化的能动作用。我们既要重视适应文化滞后所带来的社会变迁问题,也要重视适应文化超前对社会变迁的巨大推进。由于政治与文化精英的分离、对社会空间丧失与社会不平等所造成的危害认识不足、意识形态控制力的衰弱、对人民不守诚信等原因,政府希望通过改革来推进社会变迁的尝试有可能带来巨大社会风险。模型分析因其强大的解释力越来越成为社会学学科化的要求,而托克维尔的解读视角则暗合了目前社会学研究中的叙事倾向。

Model and Narrative:Two Explainations of Social Changes

On the basis of giving a detailed drawing and explanation of Ogbum's model of social change and demonstrating Tocqueville's narrative analysis of the change of French society before and after the Great Revolution,this paper proposes that Ogbum's model neglects the activity of adaptive culture.People should pay attention to both the problems resulting from the lagged adaptive culture and the powerful push caused by leading adaptive culture.Government's reform may cause massive social risks because of the split between political and cultural elites,the short sight on the dangerous situation caused by inequality and the losing social space,the declining ideological power,and the losing credit with the people.Model analysis is increasingly becoming the disciplinary requirement because of its great explanatory power,but Tocqueville's angle unexpectedly coincides with the narrative trend of the current sociological study.