祖辈教养方式与幼儿祖辈依赖的关系：自我概念的中介作用

为了解当前在祖辈参与育儿的家庭中幼儿祖辈依赖状况及其形成机制，运用方便整群抽样，采用问卷法对355名幼儿的祖辈依赖、自我概念及祖辈教养方式进行调查，探讨了祖辈教养方式与幼儿祖辈依赖的关系，以及自我概念在其中的中介作用。结果表明：（1）幼儿祖辈依赖程度总体上偏低，对祖辈的行为依赖程度最深；男孩的祖辈依赖和行为依赖显著高于女孩；中班儿童的祖辈依赖显著高于大班。（2）幼儿祖辈依赖与祖辈溺爱性、放任性、专制性和不一致性教养方式显著正相关，与祖辈民主性教养方式显著负相关；幼儿祖辈依赖与自我概念显著负相关；幼儿自我概念与祖辈溺爱性、放任性、专制性教养方式显著负相关，与祖辈民主性教养方式显著正相关。（3）幼儿自我概念在祖辈民主性、溺爱性、专制性和放任性教养方式与祖辈依赖之间起到中介作用，祖辈教养方式可以通过影响幼儿的自我概念进而影响祖辈依赖。因此要改善或预防幼儿祖辈依赖，不仅要改善祖辈的教养方式，还要注重促进幼儿自我概念的健康发展。

The Relationship Between Grandparenting Style and Young Children’s Dependence on Grandparents： The Mediating Role of Self-Concept

To understand grandparental dependence among children in families where grandparents participate in childcare and its formation mechanism， a convenient cluster sampling method was employed. Questionnaire was used to survey 355 children on their grandparental dependence， self-concept， and grandparenting styles， exploring the relationship between grandparenting styles and children’s grandparental dependence， as well as the mediating role of self-concept. The results indicate： （1） though the Overall grandparental dependence among children is relatively low， but they have the deepest dependence on grandparents’ behaviors; boys show significantly higher levels of grandparental dependence and behavioral dependence compared to girls; and children in the middle class exhibit significantly higher levels of grandparental dependence than those in the senior class. （2） Children’s grandparental dependence is significantly positively correlated with grandparental indulgence， permissiveness， authoritarianism， and inconsistency in parenting styles， and significantly negatively correlated with democratic parenting styles; children’s grandparental dependence is significantly negatively correlated with self-concept; children’s self-concept is significantly negatively correlated with grandparental indulgence， permissiveness， authoritarianism， and positively correlated with democratic parenting styles. （3） Children’s self-concept plays a mediating role between grandparental democratic， indulgent， authoritarian， and permissive parenting styles and grandparental dependence， indicating that grandparenting styles can influence children’s self-concept and subsequently impact grandparental dependence. Therefore， to improve or prevent children’s grandparental dependence， it is essential not only to enhance grandparenting styles but also to focus on promoting the healthy development of children’s self-concept.