The Amana colonies' change from communalism to capitalism in 1932 |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China;2. College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China;3. Henan Cooperation Science and Technology Institute, Luoyang 471000, China;4. Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Functional Compound Seasoning, Anhui Qiangwang Seasoning Food Co., Ltd., Jieshou 236500, China;1. School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China;2. College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China;3. Henan Cooperation Science and Technology Institute, Luoyang 471000, China;4. Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Functional Compound Seasoning, Anhui Qiangwang Seasoning Food Co., Ltd., Jieshou 236500, China |
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| Abstract: | Nineteenth-century Europe produced numerous religious communal societies, some of which emigrated to the United States. One, the Amana Colonies, survived in its communal form until 1932, at which time it switched to a free enterprise system. Financial information relating to the society's 59 businesses is used to analyze its conversion. The study finds that the society's bookkeeping methods severely handicapped the ability of the leadership to make economically rational decisions. In a time of major macroeconomic stress (the Farm Depression and the Great Depression), the tide of financial losses exhausted the society's resources. The economic activities of the Amanites are compared with those of two viable contemporary groups: the Hutterites and the Israeli kibbutzim. |
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