美国门户开放政策目标定位辨析

迄今为止,人们都习惯于将门户开放政策视为美国的早期对华政策。但这项政策的目标定位并不仅仅限于中国。根据美国国务卿海约翰 1899年、1900年和 1905年三次颁布门户开放照会的历史背景和照会内容,回溯近代早期中外关系演变的历史进程,及美国资本主义扩张的历史轨迹,不难看出,这项政策的目标主体是在华争夺“势力范围”的列强,中国只是实施这项政策的目标客体。美国的对华政策早在门户开放政策出台前就开始形成,门户开放政策本身具有更广泛的扩张意义。

An Analysis of the Goal of American Open Door Policy

In China, the U. S. Open Door Policy has so far been customarily regarded as the early U.S.policy towards China, but the Open Door Policy didn't merely target at China. According to the contents and historical background of three notes about American Open Door Policy delivered in 1899, 1900 and 1905 respectively by John Hay, the then secretary of state, the evolution course of the relationship between China and foreign countries in early modern history, and the historical track of American expansion, we can see that the Policy was in fact targeted at the great powers which scrambled for "sphere of influence" in China, which, then, was no more than a place where the Policy was put into effect. The U. S. policy towards China had been formed prior to the Open Door Policy which denoted a more extensive expansion than the former.