《德意志意识形态》中意识形态概念的使用探析

马克思和恩格斯合作完成的《德意志意识形态》，不仅使意识形态概念获得了理论上的重大意义，也为学者们研究意识形态概念提供了新路径。近代启蒙理性为意识形态概念提供了科学认识的保障，而拿破仑开创了意识形态概念的贬义史，德国古典哲学则使意识形态概念拥有了历史哲学的框架。在《德意志意识形态》中，意识形态概念的使用主要有4种方式：虚假的观念体系、统治阶级的思想体系、革命阶级的阶级意识以及一系列由日常风俗、行为和信仰所构成的传统的象征形式和价值观。在马克思之后，意识形态理论在理性与价值批判两个维度获得了充分发展。

An Analysis of the Use of Ideology in German Ideology

German Ideology co-authored by Marx and Engels,is of great importance.It not only lays theoretical foundation for the concept of ideology,but also provides new ways for scholars to do research on the concept of ideology.Modern enlightenment rationality offered scientific epistemology for the formation of the concept of ideology and Napoleon initiated the derogatory history of the concept.German classical philosophy made it possible to have the frame of historical philosophy.In German Ideology,there were four ways of using the concept of ideology: the false notion system;the ruling class' ideological system;the revolutionary class' class consciousness;and a series of traditional symbolic forms and values consisting of daily customs,behaviors and beliefs as well.After Carl Marx,the theory of ideology has been fully developed in both the rationality and value criticism.