| 美国人类学的发展源流与特点 |
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| 引用本文： | 王勤美,尹建东.美国人类学的发展源流与特点[J].长安大学学报(社会科学版),2016,0(2):149-155. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王勤美 尹建东 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.贵州大学 人类学研究所，贵州 贵阳 550025； 2.云南民族大学 人文学院，云南 昆明 650500 |
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| 摘 要： | 为研究美国人类学的发展渊源与特点，通过对博厄斯及其弟子提出的考古、体质、生态、文化人类学4个学科架构的论述，发现美国人类学自诞生之初就深受德国自然科学经验主义和人文哲学的影响，强调文化精神或民族气质，关注文化的历史性以及文化与环境的互动，形成独特的美国人类学“文化研究传统”；美国人类学发展中的“科学性与艺术性”之争，引发了民族志表述危机。
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| 关 键 词： | 美国人类学 考古 体质 生态 “文化研究传统” “文化特殊论” |
Origin and characteristics of American anthropology |
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| WANG Qin-mei,YIN Jian-dong.Origin and characteristics of American anthropology[J].Journal of Chang'an University(Social Sciences Edition),2016,0(2):149-155. |
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| Authors: | WANG Qin-mei YIN Jian-dong |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute of Anthropology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China; 2. School of Huamanities, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500,Yunnan, China |
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| Abstract: | In order to study the origin and characteristics of American anthropology, this paper explored four discipline frameworks:archaeology, physique, ecology, cultural anthropology proposed by Boas and his disciples. It is found that American anthropology is deeply influenced by German natural scientific empiricism and humanistic philosophy since its birth. Besides, it emphasizes the cultural spirit or ethos and pays attention to cultural history and culture interaction with the environment, which forms a unique American anthropology “cultural research tradition”; The debate about the “science and art” in the development of American anthropology brings about ethnographic narration crisis. |
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| Keywords: | American anthropology archaeology physique ecology “cultural research tradition” “cultural particularism” |
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