新疆生态移民工程与牧民定居工程关系比较研究

生态移民工程与牧民定居工程既有区别又有联系。两者的实施重点都是在自然生态条件恶劣、贫困落后的少数民族聚居区,都有改善生态环境和消除贫困的双重目的。但二者在定义、动因、措施、意义方面又有所差异。牧民定居工程的核心目标是促进牧区生产生活方式的重大变革,生态移民的核心目标是应对生态危机引发的贫困等一系列社会问题;生态移民的中心任务放在迁出地与迁入地生态环境的建设上,重视安置点的基础设施建设及后续产业发展,力求摆脱生态与贫困的恶性循环,牧民定居工程侧重于使定居点成为牧区二、三产业及农畜产品集市等发展的基点,积极推进农牧业现代化。只有深入系统地厘清它们的关系,才能更有助于两项工程在实施过程中的相辅相成和相得益彰。

Comparative Study of the Relationship between Ecological Migration and Herdsmen Settlement in Xinjiang

There are both differences and similarities between the projects of ecological migration and herdsmen settlement. The main target places of both projects are similar： areas of harsh natural condi- tions and poverty-stricken ethnic neighborhoods. Both projects have dual purposes： improving ecological environment and eliminating poverty. However, the differences lie in definition, causes, measures and sig- nificance. The core aim of ecological migration is to deal with a series social problems such as poverty caused by ecological crisis. The cardinal task is the construction of ecological environment in both immi- grant and emigrant areas,the emphasis of which is on the infrastructure construction and the following development to get rid of the vicious circle between ecology and poverty. The emphasis of herdsmen set- tlement is to make the settlement a base for developments such as the secondary and tertiary industries and the bazaar of agricultural and livestock products, and to promote vigorously the modernization of ag- riculture and the livestock industry. Only when the relationship between the two projects is understood comprehensively, can these two projects be carried out effectively and efficiently.