近代外国人笔下的川边社会经济状况述论

近代外国人留下了大量关于川边社会经济状况的实地考察资料和文著，翔实甚至“琐碎”地记载了大量关于川边社会经济、宗教、民俗、地理、历史等方面的资料。本文结合相关中外文献资料，主要从茶叶贸易、货币问题、乌拉制、社会经济生活四个方面，梳理近代外国人笔下的川边社会经济状况。近代外国人涌入川边，其主要的战略目标不外乎入藏与打通印缅一扬子江流域，同时，这一战略还源于经济上的考量。因此，近代入川边游历考察的外国人，无论在知识探索、地理考察、社会经济考察等方面，其背后无不充斥着其各自国家利益的角逐。对近代到川边实地游历的外国人著述加以考察，我们可以明显看出上述“战略轨迹”，以及川边社会经济生活从汉区到“边地”过渡之特点。

A Review on Socioeconomic Status of Sichuan Frontier Areas in the Modern Writings of the Foreigners

In the 32nd year of the Guangxu period in the Qing dynasty （1906）, a position of ＂minister for managing frontier affairs＂ （bianwu dachen） of Sichuan and Yunnan was set up. It was responsible for managing Dajianlu day Kangding）, that area belonging ting （ present to all the tusi （native officials） within the region, and the Kang district in Tibet. In 1912, the area was changed intofinglueshi of Sichuan Frontier. In 1914, it was regarded as a Special District of the Sichuan Fron- tier, and in 1939, it was incorporated into Xikang province. Therefore, the ＂ Sichuan Frontier＂ was an important ＂special district＂ in modem south- west China. This article, by relying on both Chi- nese and foreign documents, tries to explore the socioeconomic status of the Sichuan frontier in modem times as presented in the writings of the foreigners through the discussion four aspects： the tea trade, currency issue, Wula system of labor and socioeconomic life.