死刑复核程序完善与辩护权保障机制研究

人类刑事诉讼制度在由纠问式向混合式诉讼的历史演进中,对近现代刑事诉讼结构的确立和完善提出了内在要求。以审判权与控诉权分离为前提,被指控人获得了独立的诉讼主体地位,辩护权成为一项法定权利得到确认并不断被强化,成为现代法治国家刑事诉讼法发展的主流趋势之一。在我国,辩护权作为刑事被告人的专属权利,来源于宪法的规定,具有最高权利效力等级,并通过刑事诉讼法将之具体化。然而,具体考察我国的辩护权保障机制的规定,我们发现即使在关涉被告人生命利益的诉讼中亦尚存在重大缺陷。当下中国,死刑复核程序的完善备受关注,而在这一程序的改造中强化辩护权的保障机制,是实现刑事诉讼人权保障机能的重要途径。

Research on Perfection of Judicial Review of Death Penalty Procedure and Safeguard Measure to Right to Defense

The historic development of human system of criminal justice procedure from inquisitional procedure to mixed procedure naturally requires the establishment and perfection of the structure of criminal lawsuits in modern times.As a result of separating jurisdiction from the right of the accusing,the accused gained the independent position as a subject of the procedure.As a legal one,the right to defense is affirmed and constantly strengthened by law,as is one of the main tendencies of the development of criminal procedure law of a state with an adequate legal system.In China,right to defense as an exclusive right of a criminal defendant,is endowed by the Constitution and has supreme priority.However,an examination of it may show that major flaws exist even in criminal lawsuits which are vital to the life of the accused.Nowadays,the perfection of judicial review of death penalty procedure attracts great concern in China.To strengthen safeguard measure to right to defense is way to realize safeguard function to human rights in the course of criminal prosecution.