论铁路承运人的安全保障义务

铁路承运人负有安全保障义务,但法律却没有对铁路承运人安全保障义务的概念、性质以及具体内容进行明确的规定,且目前对铁路承运人的安全保障义务鲜有探究。本文认为铁路承运人的安全保障义务不同于一般经营者的安全保障义务,受保护人与义务人之间需要有明确的合同关系或可视作合同的关系;在性质上,铁路承运人的安全保障义务既是法定义务又是合同义务;从法定标准、行业标准、合理标准以及成本标准四个方面考虑,铁路承运人的安全保障义务应包括保障运输工具适行的义务、告知提醒义务以及必要的救助义务。

On the Security Obligations of Rail Carrier

Rail carrier has security obligations,while the law does not clarify the concept,the nature and specific content of the security obligations,which are not much studied either in our country.The article discusses the issues of the concept,the nature and specific content of the security obligations of the rail carrier.The following conclusions are drawn in this paper: Security obligations of the rail carrier differ from that of the operator’s,and need to be defined as a relationship of contract or the like between protected person and obligations.By nature,the rail carrier’s security obligations are not only the legal ones,but also contractual ones.Considering the statutory standard,industry standard,justifiable standard and cost criteria,the security obligations of rail carriers should include such acts as protecting the transport in an appropriate state,the obligations of reminding and the duty of necessary aids.