本体论视阈下的语言哲学流变——从索绪尔到维特根斯坦

从语言本体性地位的视角来看,索绪尔与维特根斯坦的思想具有某种继承性。后者是对前者的理解深刻,并做出了不可磨灭的超越,主要表现为:在语符性质上维氏等量预测任意和相似;在语言的社会性上维氏从社会心理的静态走向社会实践的动态;在语言的整体性上,索氏的语言和言语相对,维氏以言语学覆盖语言全貌;在语言的功能性上,索氏预设讲话者意义,维氏直面社会活动中的意义对接。语言哲学的流变中越来越倚重人本变元。

The Shifts in Philosophy of Language: an Ontological Perspective

From an ontological angle,Wittgenstein’ ideas are somewhat inherited from those of Saussure’s and then surpass them in the following ways,namely the equivalent prediction of liguistic signs’ double shades,turning to the social practice of language lying on the entirety of dynamic speech,and in functional respects going beyond the latter’s utterance meaning to its social interactions.