工业社会的困境与人的需要的异化——马尔库塞虚假需要理论分析

马尔库塞虚假需要理论揭示出了当代发达工业社会中人的困境,人们已分辨不出自己的真实需要与虚假需要。人在极权主义社会中丧失了辨别、鉴赏、否定、批判、超越的能力,人变成了单向度的人,成了经济发展与社会运转的工具,人的需要被控制和利用。但马尔库塞的需要理论始终停留在抽象的人性需要理论的水平上,没有从历史唯物主义的角度看待需要的发展与历史和社会的合理性。

Dilemma of Industrial Society and Alienation of Human Needs:An Analysis of Marcuse's Theory of False Needs

Marcuse’s theory of false needs reveals the contemporary human predicament in the advanced industrial society,in which people are unable to distinguish between their real needs and false needs.In the totalitarian society people lost their ability to identify,appreciate,negate,criticize,and transcend,and they become a One-Dimensional Man.As a tool of economic and social development,people’s needs are controlled and made use of.However,Marcuse’s theory of needs remains at the theoretical level of Abstract human needs all the time and he doesn’t understand the development of human needs and the rationality of history and society from the perspective of historical materialism.