当今美国实在论的自然主义和实用主义倾向

自然主义已经成为当代美国哲学的重要特征。在这一特征的形成过程中 ,批判的实在论者尤其是恩斯特·内格尔的理论观点产生了重要影响。在当今美国哲学中 ,存在着一种从实用主义的角度重新解释实在论的倾向。普特南哲学的转变及其与罗蒂关于相对主义的争论 ,就充分表现出这种倾向。在当代美国哲学家看来 ,实在论、自然主义和实用主义在哲学基本倾向上是一致的 ,它们之间的关系可以解释为一种以实用主义为主导精神、实在论为基本态度、自然主义为思想方法的美国特有的生活方式

Naturalist and Pragmatist Trends in Contemporary American Realist Philosophy

Naturalism has become one of chief features of contemporary American philosophy. The theoretical doctrines of the critical realists, especially Ernest Nagel, contributed to the formation of this feature. In American philosophy today, there is a trend to interpret realism from a perspective of pragmatism, such as the transition of H. Putnam's realist philosophy and his debate with R. Rorty on relativism. In the eyes of today's American realist philosophers, realism, naturalism and pragmatism are identical in their basic philosophical principles, and their relations can be explained as a specific way of life with pragmatism as a guiding spirit, realism as a basic attitude and naturalism as a way of thinking.