先秦儒家天论思想的兴起、内容与理论功能

周王权衰弱之后,民间疑天、怨天、问天思潮相继发生,儒家论天思潮由此兴起.孟子对"天"进行了形而上的改造,贯通"天"与"人性",提出了"天爵"理念,认为"天"赋予人"仁义忠信"四爵,从而论证了"天"作为"至善"的道德本体意义;荀子指出"天"生养万物的自然功能,认为"天行有常",并不干预主宰人事,但天赋人喜怒爱恶的本性,需要礼仪制度、伦理教化来规范人事。

Rise,Content and Theoretical Function of Pre-Qin Tien Theory

With the decline of the Zhou empire,Confucian Tien theory began to rise.Kinds of mood,such as suspect,complain towards Tien became popular among the public.Mencius amended the Tien theory metaphysically,he demonstrated the ultimate good of Tien from the perspective of moral subjectivity,connected the Tien with human beings,proposed the idea of Tien Nobility;Master Xun indicated the naturally producing function of Tien and believed that movement of Tien has its own constant regularity.Tien does not decide and control the human affairs.While in the mean time,Tien endows the human being with basic instinct,like love,anger,hates and happiness,therefore we need rites,institutions,moral education to normalize ourselves.