Pathways of Early Fatherhood,Marriage, and Employment: A Latent Class Growth Analysis |
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Authors: | Jacinda K Dariotis Joseph H Pleck Nan M Astone Freya L Sonenstein |
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Institution: | Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. jdarioti@jhsph.edu |
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Abstract: | In the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (NLSY79), young fathers include heterogeneous subgroups with varying early
life pathways in terms of fatherhood timing, the timing of first marriage, and holding full-time employment. Using latent
class growth analysis with 10 observations between ages 18 and 37, we derived five latent classes with median ages of first
fatherhood below the cohort median (26.4), constituting distinct early fatherhood pathways representing 32.4% of NLSY men:
(A) Young Married Fathers, (B) Teen Married Fathers, (C) Young Underemployed Married Fathers, (D) Young Underemployed Single
Fathers, and (E) Young Later-Marrying Fathers. A sixth latent class of men who become fathers around the cohort median, following
full-time employment and marriage (On-Time On-Sequence Fathers), is the comparison group. With sociodemographic background
controlled, all early fatherhood pathways show disadvantage in at least some later-life circumstances (earnings, educational
attainment, marital status, and incarceration). The extent of disadvantage is greater when early fatherhood occurs at relatively
younger ages (before age 20), occurs outside marriage, or occurs outside full-time employment. The relative disadvantage associated
with early fatherhood, unlike early motherhood, increases over the life course. |
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