傩坛仪式与梯玛角色——湖南古丈县白溪村土家族＂跳马＂仪式的人类学考察

＂跳马＂仪式是土家族一种古老的祭祀习俗,这种巫、傩文化结合的民间祭祀一直支配着土家族的信仰与社会生活.在湘西土家族地区,由梯玛主持的＂跳马＂仪式在社会文化和历史条件发生变迁的情况下仍然相对凝固地保留了原初仪式的样貌,作为一种远古习俗的遗留,其承载和隐含的土家族文化、历史、民俗、艺术、民间信仰等方面的文化意义广泛而深厚.＂跳马＂习俗已演变成一种民族性、历时性的活态文化,成为土家族民俗生活的文化表象.

The Nuo Altar Rites and Role of Tima——An Anthropological Investigation of "Vault" Rites of Tujia People of Baixi Village in Guzhang County, Hunan

＂Vault＂ rite is a kind of ancient sacrificial custom of Tujia people, this kind of sorcery combined with Wu and Nuo cultures always controls the faith and the social activities of Tujia people. In Xiangxi region, ＂vault＂ rite managed by Tima still reserved the appearance of the original rites fixedly under the circumstances that the social culture and the historical conditions changed. As a kind of custom that left behind, the cultural contents are extremely abundant, the cultural meaning of the implicit culture, history, folk customs, art, and the folkolric faith of Tujia people is extensive and profound. ＂Vault＂ custom has already turned into a kind of ethnical and chronological active culture, and the cultural idea of Tujia people＇s customary life.