个人的当代形貌:社会化理论的世纪挑战--人的主体性的新发展与以人为本的时代源泉

我们处在社会学创始以来又一个极为复杂的时期,现代性穿越了以往的束缚,追求更加自由、轻快和流畅的节奏,生活发生了持续的巨变。短暂的需要取代了对永恒的向往,流动变化比稳定持久更具有常态性,社会和集体的事业离开了传统航道,个人境遇也更为不确定和难以预见。这些再次提示我们:传统理论的基础并非想象中那样牢不可破,反观传统、审查经典、重建理论视野和思维轨道永远是必要的。这种“反向而行”的过程能够显露传统理论对人本身价值目标的忽略和背离。在当代, 人的主体性发展穿越了“个体化”、“个性化”阶段,迈进了“个人化”里程,这是当代个人对这个变迁时代的实践回应,也是现时代个人与以往时代个人的标志性区别。这种状况显示了,人是新型现代性和社会工程的主体,并通过这一过程施展才能、发挥创造性、型塑历史,实现自己的期待、享受自己的生活。这是蕴涵于我们时代自身的以人为本的源泉,也是人本型、创新型和未来型社会化理论的现实支撑。于是,如何型塑具有时代精神的精英和社会财富的继承者,托起我们民族的生存和希望,也就再次成为理论社会学与时代和实践的一个交汇点。

The Image of Individual in Contemporary Era: Challenging the Theory of Socialization --New Development of Subjectivity and the Source of Human- basis Thought

We are in the complex period from the formation of sociology. Modernity thrills through restriction of the past, and we pursue free, easy and fluent steps, with continuing changes in our life. Wants in brevity replace forever ideal, changes have more normality than permanence, affairs in society and collectivity deviate from traditional way, and personal condition is uncertain and difficult to be foreseen. All of those tell us that the basis of traditional theories is not so firm. It is necessary to look back tradition, to check classics and to reconstruct theoretical and thinking way. The process of rethinking will show neglects and deviation against human - basis of tradition theories. In contemporary period, the development of subjectivity passes through phases of Individual and Individuation, and now entering into the phase of Individualization, which is practical reflection of individual in the changing era, also the marking differences between individual nowadays and individual past. This analysis shows that human is the subject of new modernity and social project, who display their capability, exert their creativity, make history, realize their hopes and enjoy their life. This is the source of human - basis thought, also the reality support on socialization theory of human - basis type, creating type and future type. Therefore, how to mold elites with era spirit and inheritors of social wealth, and supporting our national survival and hopes are the intercrossing points of theoretical sociology with era and practice.